Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water. This research investigated the possibility of achieving soil cleanup using native plants that also provided aboveground benefits, including wildlife habitat. This study investigates the effectiveness of aquatic macrophyte and microphyte for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated with high arsenic concentration. A few examples of plants that are employed for rhizofiltration are sunflower, tobacco, spinach, rye and indian mustard. Phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophyte, azolla. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems and its.
These plants are commonly found throughout poland and constitute an essential component of wetlands dordio and carvalho 20. Phytoremediation is a broad term that has been used since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media usepa, 2000. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. On the other hand, hydroponics is a method of growing plants in solutions of water. Compared to other methods used to remove toxic substances from soils, phytoremediation is often less expensive, although it may take. Several aquatic plants have been shown to have the ability to filter contaminants on polluted water brooks and robinson, 1998. Request pdf phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants. Ground water, januaryfebruary 2005 an indispensable reference to practical case studies. Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances.
The application of transgenic plants to clean up environmental pollution caused by the wastes of heavy metal mining is a promising method for removing metal pollutants from soils. The scientific term for the process is called hydroponic phytoremediation. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. There are many mechanisms by which phytoremediation works. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Pdf heavy metal uptake potential of aquatic plants through. Plants can be used for pollutant stabilization, extraction, degradation, or volatilization. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Three macrophytes azolla pinnata, lemna minor, and hydrilla verticillata were exposed to 1. Important criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include the provision of economic benefits, harvesting management, and byproduct utilization. Phytoremediation, a subcategory of phytotechnology, uses plants to absorb pollutants from soils or from water. Phytoremediation is being used successfully in france, where bamboo groves are being used to clean food industrys grey water.
Phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention and is a promising technology for addressing soil contamination problems. A list of plants used in phytoremediation is given in table 9. Phytoremediation of polluted waterbodies with aquatic plants. One possible step in the phytoremediation process is adsorpti on of the organic contaminant onto the surface of the roots and subsequent uptake andor degradation. Phytoremediation is a sustainable solution to some of these problems. Phytoremediation is the direct use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soil, wastewater, surface water, and ground water. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references.
Pdf polluted soil and water impact the quality of food and nutrients of human and animal biota. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. To minimise such risk, phytoremediation comes into play. Phytoremediation to clean the water instead of chemicals. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean up a contamination from soils, sediments, and water. Assessment of autochthonous aquatic macrophytes with phytoremediation potential for dairy wastewater treatment in floating constructed wetlands. The concentration of arsenic in control wild macrophytes was below detectable limit. Rhizofiltration involves the use of plant to clean various aquatic environments. Role of aquatic plant species in cleaning water bodies was also explored. Recently, the use of aquatic plants especially micro and macro algae has received much attention due to their ability to absorption of metals and taking up toxic elements from the. Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated water intechopen. Phytoremediation plants, advantages, process, scope, limits. Pdf wastewater treatment by phytoremediation methods.
Phytoremediation phyto means plant is a generic term for the group of technologies that use plants for remediating soils, sludges, sediments and water contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. Key findings of this technology evaluation show that phytoremediation has successfully been applied. Unlike other kinds of remediation plants, ornamental plants grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects have been an important source of remediation plants in recent years. It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation. Phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup, has gained acceptance in the past 10 years as a costeffective, noninvasive alternative or complementary technology for engineeringbased remediation methods. Jan 23, 2015 phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem.
Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using. Water hyacinth is just beginning to be used for phytoremediation which is. Phytoremediation is a recently developed technology that offers a costeffective solution by using plants, and associated soil microbes, to reduce the content, or toxic effects, of contaminants in. Plants with exceptional metalaccumulating capacity are known as hyperaccumulator plants 5. In plain english, phytoremediation is the use of plants to stabilize and reduce contamination in a variety of substrates, including soils, sludge, sediments, and water. Aquatic plants absorb dissolved minerials and enrich water with oxygen produced during photosynthesis. Reports of a leadcontaminated water supply in flint, michigan, stimulated new public health concerns about lead exposure. These conventional technologies are not economical and may produce adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metal and organic chemical contamination.
The technique of rhizofiltration is used for the remediation of waste water by aquatic or land plants henry, 2000. However, the effect of using genetically modified organisms for phytoremediation is a poorly researched topic in terms of microbial community structures, despite the important role of. The first article on phytoremediation was written by scientists at rutgers university about the use of speciallyselected and engineered metalaccumulating plants used to clean polluted soils. Water plants used for phytoremediation aquatic plants macrophytes are often used in phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is defined as a process of decontaminating soil and aquatic systems by using plants, fungi or algae to absorb heavy metals. Phytoremediation is a set of processes that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize and destroy organicinorganic contamination in ground water, surface water, and soil. Because of the process of phytoremediation, this starts with organic soils and clean water. May 30, 2019 professor brooks work on heavy metal hyperaccumulation by plants led to questions as to how this knowledge could be used to clean polluted soils. Many of the aquatic plant species showed potential to treat domestic, municipal and industrial wastewaters and hence their use in constructed wetlands for treating wastewaters was emphasized. At metals contaminated sites, plants are used either to stabilise or remove the metals from the soil and ground water through mechanisms such as phytoextraction.
What works, what doesnt, bioscience, volume 67, issue 9, september 2017. Phytoremediation is vast, emerging term which has been used in recent. A narrower definition of phytomining is the use of plants to obtain an economic return from metals extracted by a plant, whether from contaminated soils or from. Phytoremediation process, water hyacinth, sewage treatment. This technology is environmental friendly and potentially costeffective. Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contami. A number of terrestrial and aquatic plants are known to be. Abstract discharge of industrial effluents in aquatic environments is a serious threat to life due to toxic heavy metals. Phytoremediation is a relatively new technology that offers clear. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil.
Effect of genetically modified poplars on soil microbial. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is useful for mitigating nitrogen before it infiltrates groundwater or surface water. The use of aquatic macrophytes, such as azolla with hyper accumulating ability is known to be an environmentally friendly option to restore polluted aquatic resources. Phytoremediation for environmental clean up envis centre on. Phytoremediation of lead in residential soils in dorchester, ma lead paint was widely used until 1978.
Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation. The use of plants to cleanse waters contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants dates back hundreds of years and has been the basis for the present use of constructed wetlands in treating municipal and industrial waste streams. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Both public and private interest in environmental remediation strongly foster research discoveries. Contaminant accumulation rates in mgkg dry weight binomial name english name hhyperaccumulator or aaccumulator pprecipitator ttolerant. Aquatic plants can be used as the natural catalysts to absorb and accumulate. Phytoremediation is the use of various types of plant systems to reduce contamination in soils or waters by removal, degradation, or incorporation of nitrogen. The objectives of this paper are to discuss the potential of phytoremediation technique on treating heavy metalcontaminated side, to provide a brief view about heavy metals uptake mechanisms by plant, to give some description about the performance of several types of plants to uptake heavy metals and to describe about the fate of heavy metals. Lead is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems. Soil and water contaminated with heavy metals and other toxins pose large environmental and human health hazards. This plant based technology has gained acceptance in the past ten years as a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly technology.
Wetland plants are important tools for heavy metal removal. Effects of cadmiumresistant plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria and funneliformis mosseae on the cadmium tolerance of tomato. Humancaused environmental degradation has created widespread ecological, economic, and social problems around the world. For example, water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes has been used for purifying not only domestic wastewater but also industrial wastewater. Also, the assessment of water purity is often based on the environmental characteristics of macrophyte populations. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b99003. Plants for phytoremediation phytoremediation involves the use of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize andor degrade contaminants in soil, sediment, and water hughes et al. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. It clearly pointed out some generalizations such as existence of a wide variation with respect to the amount of heavy metal accumulation by different plants indicating that phytoremediation potential of aquatic plants is dependent upon the tolerance level and toxicity of plant genera or species employed in a particular study.
As other states look to hemp to correct otherwise failing agriculture industries, we must not lose sight of our roots. Khara 1 department of marine biology, graduate school of marine science and technology, science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran. According to the international phytotechnology society website, phytotechnology is defined as the science of using plants to solve environmental problems such as pollution, reforestation, biofuels, and landfilling. Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. Plants can be used as cheap phytoremedients in comparison to conventional technologies. Jun 21, 2011 it clearly pointed out some generalizations such as existence of a wide variation with respect to the amount of heavy metal accumulation by different plants indicating that phytoremediation potential of aquatic plants is dependent upon the tolerance level and toxicity of plant genera or species employed in a particular study. Phytoremediation for ecosystem restoration advanced. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant.
Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. System used multilevel methods to be more effective in lowering the levels. Phytoremediation cape cod green infrastructure guide. Phytoremediation process is the use of plants to remediate contamination by the uptake of contaminated water by plants. Plants, used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than. Phytoremediation does not require any expensive instruments or skilled person. A variety of naturally occurring and specially selected plant species are used in phytoremediation. This report summarizes much of that research in order to provide the site manager, owner, regulator, or. Sep 26, 2003 the detail and broad range of topics make this book useful for students as well as regulatory experts and people actively working in the field of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of copper pollution by eight aquatic plants. Phytoremediation is the name of a set of technologies that use plants to degrade, extract, or contain contaminants from soil and water. The plants used for phytoremediation technology selectively metabolize or absorbed contaminates from the soil, water or other growth matrix. Biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by macrophytes. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle.
Introduction to phytoremediation science inventory us. Different approaches have been used or developed to mitigatereclaim the heavy metal polluted soils and waters including the landfilldamping sites. Phytoremediation can be used as an insitu or exsitu application. The present study was conducted to check the phytoremediation capability of two freefloating plants, i. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. Phytoremediation is a time specific technology, as this requires sufficient time for plant growth, then binding process for facilitating the immobilization and degrading the contaminants. Water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes and two algae chlorodesmis sp.
In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant. Jun 17, 2015 this study investigates the effectiveness of aquatic macrophyte and microphyte for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated with high arsenic concentration. This topic has been the subject of sporadic research for twenty five years, and a great deal of research over the last ten years. This technology involves efficient use of aquatic plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation of. Many other aquatic plants are also of use to men as food, raw materials for industrial processes, building materials and manure in agriculture.
Use of vegetation, soil and micro biota along with other agrochemical practices makes the vegetative remediation an appealing green technology. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle ranocloides, ceratophyllum demersum of anzali lagoon 1l. Over the last two decades, some researchers and gardeners turned to sunflowers helianthus annuus as a potential tool for phytoremediation, which uses plants or a biologically laden material such as compost to remediate contamination sunflowers to the rescue. Phytostabilization, where plants are used to stabilize rather than clean contaminated soil. Cannabis is a healing plant by nature, but allowing poor practices is sure to ruin a good thing. Phytoremediation of metals is a costeffective green technology based on the use of specially selected metalaccumulating plants to remove toxic metals from soils and water. Aquatic plants are being used to remediate heavy metal contaminated wastewater. The commercial use of phytoremediation is acceptable way to refine contaminated regions, so the role of macrophytes in the heavy metal cycling, in aquatic. Phytoremediation of wastewater green wastewater treatment. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental. Insitu application is often encouraged because it minimizes distribution of soil and reduces spread of contaminants. Plants with more than one bcf and high roottoshoot metal translocation, as displayed by brake fern pteris vittata, are ideal for phytoremediation and also relate to the plant to act as a hyperaccumulator pandey 2012.
Present phytoremediation system characteristics that site managers and others might find useful in assessing the potential applicability of phytoremediation to a specific site. By using plants to clean up contaminated soil and water, phytoremediation combats pollution in an environmentallyfriendly and aesthetically pleasing. Hence, the needs for this study phytoremediation a more environment friendly technique. Water plants characteristic for phytoremediation of acid mine.
Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using elodea. It is used of plants and trees to clean up polluted soil and water. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Aquatic plants can be used in bioremediation phytoremediation especially to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. Phytoremediation, heavy metals, hyper accumulators, transgenic plants. The ultimate goal is to use plants to reduce the risk of human exposure. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically. The plants can be used for the phytoremediation, these mechanisms include enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation, hydraulic control, phytodegradation and phytovolatilization. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants international. The present investigation deals with the detoxification of arsenic contaminated water using phytoremediation technique. Phytoremediation can be defined as the efficient use of plants to remove, detoxify or immobilise environmental contaminants in a growth matrix soil, water or. Pb, cd, cu, ni, zn and cr can be extracted using rhizofiltration.
Dec 24, 2007 a successful phytoremediation program, therefore, must take into consideration variations in soil properties of the specific site. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. Phytoremediation can be used to decontaminate large areas without damaging the land. Potential use in phytoremediation of three plant species growing on contaminated minetailings soils in sardinia. This initiated studies on phytoremediation using aquatic plants. Higher plants are being used to enhance the remediation of soils contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds, but the mechanisms of dissipation have not been established. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. This technology involves efficient use of aquatic plants to remove, detoxify or. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants. Ecological potential of plants for phytoremediation and. Abstract phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received much attention in the last few years.