A microstrip or patch antenna operates in a way that when current though a feed line reaches the strip of the antenna, then electromagnetic waves are generated. Index terms antenna, slots, msa, dielectric, patch, substrate, feed. The proposed dgs is incorporated in the ground plane under the patch antenna to improve its. Microstrip patch antenna design for bandwidth enha youtube. Microstrip patch antenna mpa with inset feed has been studied extensively over the past two decades because of its advantages. A microstrip patchfed short backfire antenna for the. Introduction n antenna is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa.
Microstrip fed patches have very narrow bandwidths, almost invariably less than 5%. Defected structure is produced by cutting the shape antenna in the form of twosided t shape. Performance improvement of microstrip antenna using ebg structure. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the ground plane, and the center conductor is extended up to the patch antenna. Microstrip patch antenna with coaxial feed using cst mws. By using a straightforward transmissionline model, it is possible to accurately model and analyze microstrip line insetfed patch antenna designs. Figure 1 represents the fabricated antenna prototype alongside the schematic of the doublep shape slotted inset fed patch antenna structure. Note that a quarterwave length transformer was used to match the patch to a 50 ohm feed line.
There are many approaches that can be implemented in order to enhance the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna. In order to improve return loss, compactness and efficiency of antenna defected ground structure has been used. It usually consists of a metal patch on top of a grounded dielectric substrate. The structure of the micro strip patch antenna consists of a thin square patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and the other side having a plane to the ground. Fig 1 basic structure of microstrip patch antenna so many advantages and applications can be mentioned for microstrip patch antennas over conventional antennas. Microstrip patch antennas represent one family of compact antennas that offers the benefits of a conformal nature and the capability of ready integration with a communication systems printed circuitry. This method employs ground plane between two substrates. In its most basic form, a microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on oneside of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. Sep 10, 2018 simultaneous compensation of microstrip feed and patch by defected ground structure for reduced crosspolarized radiation abstract. A study of different feeding mechanisms in microstrip.
The top metallic flat region, which is called the patch antenna, sits on a dielectric substrate. A brief tutorial on microstrip antennas part 1 microwaves. Rectangular patch antennas are very easy to fabricate. It consists of area of metallization supported above a ground plane by a thin dielectric substrate and fed against the ground at an appropriate location.
The various methods are used for feeding the microstrip patch antennas. Substrate of microstrip patch antennas also plays a major role for obtaining wideband 17. The results obtain that microstrip patch antenna can be used as client antenna in computer and workable antenna for wireless fidelity. For good antenna performance, a thick dielectric substrate having a low dielectric constant isdesirable since this provides better efficiency. Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure. Microstrip square patch antenna using cst by shamsur rahman. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using inset. Also called patch antennas one of the most useful antennas at microwave frequencies f 1 ghz.
Analysts finite element wave ports are used to drive the antenna and radiation patterns and feed. Patch antennas exhibit characteristics such as light weight and a low profile which makes this antenna desirable for many applications 36. Microstrip antennas can be designed as very thin planar printed antennas and they are very useful elements for communication applications 4. Alike typical microstrip antenna, the proposed antenna is made up of a mirrored pshape slotted radiating patch, a 50. The image below shows two ways to feed the microstrip patch, on the left is a microstrip feed and on the right is a coax feed. The rectangular patch antenna designed with swastik shaped dgs structure, shows gain of 7 db. A microstrip patch antenna having reduced size is implementing by providing a substrate having on one surface a conductive fractal pattern, and having on the other surface a conductive pattern that may but need not also be a fractal pattern. The rectangular patch antenna is the simplest configuration of microstrip patch antennas. Feeding is extremely important with the patch antenna, and it contributes to bandwidth, crosspolarization levels, and ripple. A fourelement microstrip patch antenna array with compact. Review of feeding techniques for microstrip patch antenna ijca. This paper describes the feeding techniques for various microstrip patch antennas. The dimensions of antenna can be found in the hfss simulation file.
Defected ground structure is studied to enhance the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna. Rectangular microstrip patch structure 2 patch antennas can be in many different shapes. Design and improvement of microstrip patch antenna. A cpwfed structure shaped substrate wideband microstrip. The two by two array consists of two of the elements fed by a standard inset microstrip feed line, while the other two elements are fed by an inset feed line extended beyond the center of the patches. The patch may be in a variety of shapes, but rectangular and circular are the most common. Different feeding techniques of microstrip patch antennas with different spiral defected ground structures are presented in this paper.
For this purpose, defected ground structure dgs has been employed to shift the resonance frequency of an initial microstrip antenna from 5. Initially simple inset feed rectangular patch antenna is designed and results are analyzed. First the model of the microstrip patch antenna has to be drawn in hfss. The designed antenna is realized using microstrip line feed on a 1. First lets have a look to the sketch of the patch antenna with the lprobe feed fig.
A study of different feeding mechanisms in microstrip patch antenna. Advantages of patch antennas the unique property of the microstrip patch antenna is its twodimensional structure. The most widely used printedcircuit antenna is the microstrip patch, which in its simplest form is a rectangular or circular patch of metal fed by the microstrip upper conductor. Microstrip antenna an overview sciencedirect topics. Microstrip antenna is one of the most popular types of printed antenna. In general contacting methods are microstrip line feed and coaxial plane feed. A new microstrip fed triangular patch antenna for rfid applications with u slots has been presented in this paper. A microstrip fed antenna offers a better isolations between the feed and the material under measurement campared to the microstrip fed microstrip antenna. Thats why it is used in many wireless applications like wifi, wi max and bluetooth. Microstrip patch antenna parameters, feeding techniques and.
Here we study the four most popular feed techniques used are the microstrip line. Us6127977a microstrip patch antenna with fractal structure. The modal distributions of hmsa are studied and it was observed that hmsas distribution. Wideband rectangular microstrip patch antenna using l.
It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. The structure includes a support member having an isolating recess in which an electromagnetically coupled patch pair of antenna elements is positioned, the upper element being substantially flush with the surface of the support member surrounding the. Microstrip line feed is one of the easier methods to fabricate as it is a just conducting strip connecting to the patch and therefore can be consider as extension of patch. Design of microstrip patch antenna by introducing defected.
A study of different feeding mechanisms in microstrip patch. Vswr of simple rectangular microstrip patch antenna vswr plot for inset feed simple rectangular microstrip patch antenna is shown in figure 6. This rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for wireless communication application that works at 2. Dec 04, 2012 introduction in its most basic form, a microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on oneside of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side for good antenna performance, a thick dielectric substrate having a low dielectric constant isdesirable since this provides better efficiency, larger bandwidth and better. The basic structure of the microstrip patch antenna is shown in figure 1. The patch antenna is fed with a microstrip feed at distance, dx7 mm, from the edge as in the conventional patch antenna. Hfss tutorial 1 microstrip patch antenna with coaxial feeding duration. In telecommunication, a microstrip antenna also known as a printed antenna usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board pcb. Each radiator behaves like a pair of radiating slots in the patch antenna as shown in figure 5. Microstrip line feed, coaxial probe feed, and aperturecoupled feed techniques. Basic structure of microstrip patch antenna download scientific. Feed one signal to the horizontal radiator x axis and the other to the vertical radiator y axis. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces.
In telecommunication, a microstrip antenna usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board pcb. Microstrip antennae are very simple in construction using a conventional microstrip fabrication technique. The performance of antenna is characterized by the shape, dimension and location of defected structure at specific position of ground. This work analyses the performance of different feeding techniques for rectangular microstrip patch antennas used in wireless communications applications, such as in wimax and lte technologies. Simultaneous compensation of microstrip feed and patch by defected ground structure for reduced crosspolarized radiation abstract. This paper proposes a novel inset feed microstrip patch antenna with z and f shape defect in ground plane. A microstrip patch antenna mpa consists of a conducting patch of any planar or nonplanar geometry on one side of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane on other side. Aperture coupled antennas are used in phased arrays due to phase shift and feed circuitry isolation from the patch antennas. Figure 4 from rectangular microstrip patch antenna for 2. A coplanar waveguide cpw fed compact wideband defected structure shaped microstrip antenna is proposed for wireless applications. The simple structure of the microstrip patch antenna is shown below in figure. For this purpose, defected ground structure dgs has been employed to shift the resonance frequency of an. A feed system supplies the rf power, and a ground plane is at the bottom of the patch antenna, sustaining the substrate. By adjusting the split length, it can improve the cp performance.
An inset feed microstrip patch antenna is designed to increase the bandwidth. Pdf miniaturized microstrip patch antenna with defected. Microstrip patch antennas can be fed by a variety of methods. This communication proposes a new idea of compensating spurious radiations usually occurring from the sharp transitions at patch to feed and feed to impedance transformer junctions which result in added cross.
The patch is of length l, width w, and sitting on top of a substrate some dielectric circuit board of thickness h with permittivity. Several approaches have been used to enhance the bandwidth. Basically, the structure could be seen as a patch antenna electromagnetically coupled to the lshaped capacitively loaded monopole. To excite circular polarization in a patch we need to do three things. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. Microstrip patch antenna with coaxial feed using cst mws part. Thus the element and feed line, and usually other elements, power dividers, etc. Different feeding techniques of microstrip patch antennas with. Comparative study on different feeding technique of microstrip. The proposed multiband microstrip patch antenna can resonate at 7. These features of microstrip antennas make them suitable for various applications like, vehicle based satellite link.
Microstrip antenna, its disadvantages and it has been overcome by dual frequency hexagonal microstrip patch antenna using slots. However, the required multilayer structure increases fabrication complexity and cost 2. The waves from the patch start getting radiated from the width side. I ntroduction the microstrip patch antenna has microstrip patch, dielectric substrate, ground plane and feed in it 3. Apr 17, 2017 using hfss, microstrip patch antenna has been designed with parasitic patch for bandwidth enhancementtransformer concept.
The feed mechanism plays an important role in the design of microstrip patch antennas. A modified feed structure for a microstrip patch antenna is used to realize a fourelement patch array. Design of compact uwb microstrip antenna using doublelayer 2 d periodic structure. Microstrip patch antennas or simply patch antenna are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. The unique property of the microstrip patch antenna is its twodimensional structure. Coax fed patch antenna with waveport at different location this example demonstrates the use of a coaxial probe fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The aim of this work is to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna resonating at 3 ghz.
Analysis of micro strip patch antenna using coaxial feed. As a flat antenna, arrays can have a large aperture, with corresponding high gain, but having low volume and weight. An individual microstrip antenna consists of a patch of metal foil of various. It is a popular printed resonant antenna for narrowband microwave wireless links that require semi hemispherical coverage. Both of the literature adopt a ring slot corner coupled to microstrip feedline as the feed structure, and use a split patch as the radiator elements. In its most fundamental form, a micro strip antenna consists of a. Design of microstrip patch antenna using defected ground.
Inset feed microstrip patch antenna international journal of. Further this design is modified by etching z and f shaped defect on ground plane. The most common feed structure for the rectangular microstrip antenna is direct attachment at the radiating edge as illustrated in fig. The microstrip patch was chosen as a potential excitation structure for a short backfire antenna due to its simplicity, costeffective fabrication, and low mass. The most common type of microstrip antenna is the patch antenna. The microstrip patch antennas are associated with several advantages of being low profile, versatile, conformal and lowcost devices. A microstrip patch antenna is a printed type of antenna consists of a substrate sandwiched between a ground plane and a patch 12. Each radiator behaves like a pair of radiating slots in the patch antenna.
The performance of microstrip patch antenna system depends on the characteristics of the antenna element and the substrate as well as the feed configuration employed. The geometry of the designed microstripline feed microstrip patch antenna is as shown in fig. Antennas using patches as constitutive elements in an array are also possible. A triangular patch antenna for uhf band with microstrip. The dielectric constant that controls the resonance of the antenna is the effective dielectric constant of the microstrip line. A microstrip patch antenna can be fed either by coaxial probe or by an inset microstrip line. Diagram of the feed structure of a microstrip antenna array. Research and design of rectangular slot microstrip patch antenna. In these types of microstrip patch antennas a common thing is that the substrate is taken either rectangular or square in shape. A defected structure shaped cpwfed wideband microstrip. P, india abstract here we made an attempt to maximize the gain of microstrip patch antenna.
Microstrip antennas can also be fed from underneath via a probe as shown in figure 3. The thickness of the ground plane or of the microstrip is not critically important. The resulting structure is known as a corner reflector antenna. A rectangular insetfed patch antenna with defected ground. Analysis of an airspaced patch antenna near 1800 mhz. Other prototypes developed by our group at the glenn research center include the corrugated horn, helix, and a waveguideexcited sba. The investigated structures illustrate some merits in designing multielectromagnetic bandgap structures by adjusting the capacitance and changing the inductance through varying the width and length of spiral defected ground structure. As the microstrip patch antenna consist of a ground a patch and a substrate. The present paper describes novel design of circularly polarized microstrip antenna with dual feed and ebg structure. Three types of feeding arrangements are discussed here. Design of a rectangular microstrip antenna using ebg structure. It consist of microstrip feed that couples electromagnetic waves through the slot above and slot radiates them. Most often, microstrip antennas are made by etching the patch from a printed circuit board with conductor on both sides.
Selecting best feeding technique of a rectangular patch. A microstrip patch antenna structure is disclosed having increased bandwidth and reduced coupling while maintaining low profile capabilities. It is simple to model and easy to match by controlling the inset position. The best feeding point from the geometry of microstrip patch antenna we can understand that to couple the maximum energy to it the feed is provided beneath the ground directly see fig. However, length of mpa is comparable to half wavelength with single. It also has a wide angle of beam in its radiation pattern. The best feeding point from the geometry of microstrip patch antenna we can understand that to couple the maximum energy to it the feed is provided beneath the ground directly see. The complete optimized parameters for the proposed antenna are offered in table 1.
Properties of a basic microstrip patch a microstrip or patch antenna is a lowprofile antenna that has a number of advantages over other antennas. As noted above, curved implementations can be made to conform to aircraft hulls. Using hfss, microstrip patch antenna has been designed with parasitic patch for bandwidth enhancementtransformer concept. It plays a very significant role in todays world of wireless communication systems. Coaxial probe feeding is sometimes advantageous for applications like active antennas, while microstrip line feeding is suitable for developing highgain microstrip array antennas. The proposed antenna was designed and simulated with ie3d simulator which has resonant frequency of 0. In some cases, alterations in the feed line structure have the potential for attendant changes to the efficiency, gain, and bandwidth of the microstrip antenna. Design of probe feed microstrip patch antenna in s band. Dec 03, 2014 microstrip patch antenna with coaxial feed using cst mws part 1. An individual microstrip patch antenna has a typical gain of about 6 db. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave. A patch antenna is a narrowband, widebeam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side.
Typical radiation pattern of microstrip antenna the patch is generally made up of a conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape like rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical or. The patch antenna, microstrip transmission line and ground plane are made of high conductivity metal typically copper. What dielectric constant defines the half wavelength. The fundamentals of patch antenna design and performance. It consists of rectangular substrate and the metal trace layer as shown in fig.